Why Does Gum Recession Happen? Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Gum recession is the gradual withdrawal of gum tissue from around the tooth, exposing the root beneath. Because it progresses slowly, most people only notice it once tooth sensitivity begins or their teeth start looking longer than usual.

The most common cause is bacterial infection driven by plaque and tartar buildup — known as periodontal disease. Using a hard-bristled brush or brushing with too much force can also mechanically wear down the gum tissue.

Genetic predisposition raises the risk in people with naturally thin gum tissue. Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause make gums more sensitive and contribute to the process. Teeth grinding and clenching, along with smoking, further disrupt blood flow and accelerate recession.

Symptoms include sensitivity to hot and cold, teeth appearing longer, bleeding while brushing, and notches forming along the gumline. Mild cases can often be resolved with professional tartar cleaning, while more advanced recession may require surgical options such as gum grafting or flap surgery.

To prevent recession, dentists recommend brushing gently with a soft-bristled brush, flossing regularly, managing teeth grinding, eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and visiting the dentist every six months for checkups.

Gum recession does not resolve on its own — left untreated, it can progress all the way to tooth loss. That makes seeing a specialist at the first signs essential.